Use of multiple endpoints to evaluate contaminant input: A South Australian case study

This study assessed the impact of a lead smelter effl uent on a marine receiving system using effl uent toxicity, seston (suspended particulate matter) metal concentrations, metal uptake by bivalves, and population genetic diversity and tolerance to metals.

In addition, a number of modelling approaches were used to determine temporal changes. The data from this study were also compared, where possible, with historical data from studies undertaken at the site twenty years ago. The various endpoints that were evaluated at the smelter study site, in combination with the historical data that are available, indicate a system that is receiving a reduced, although still present and bioavailable trace metal load. Additionally, it was found that one parameter of
pollutant effect could not necessarily be used to understand or predict effects on another parameter or level. This reinforces the principle that assessing pollutant effect must include a range of endpoints and a range of ecological levels of organisation.